“The fruit of that
forbidden tree … brought death into the world, and all our woe …
till one greater Man restore us.” This line from Paradise
Lost, an epic by John Milton, gives an excellent summary of
Genesis 3. The narrative adds enhancing imagery, though a few
unnecessary elements are included.
John Milton uses
imagery and embellished details to increase the appeal of the
creation story. He keeps the background of these events intact, but
adds more flesh to the account. One example is when Satan
enters the serpent. The Bible only states that the serpent
was crafty, and then goes on to tell of Eve’s deception (Genesis
3:1). In Paradise Lost, Milton spends 12 lines describing
Satan’s possession of the snake. He describes the Devil as a black
mist which entered into
the snake’s mouth. The description of Adam and Eve raising their
voices alongside the animals, “creatures wanting voice”, to
worship their creator is beautiful. Milton emphasizes the impact of
Adam and Eve’s sinful choice by describing the earth as literally
trembling at the wrong. The flaming sword is described as fierce as
a comet, blazing torrid heat, parching the air. These extra details
bring the narrative alive without posing any dangers to Scriptural
understanding.
There are several
places where Milton adds distinct scenes to the creation story. A
long description of hell is given, describing the society of demons,
and the atmosphere of hell. This contains several surprising ideas,
which are not commonly accepted biblical truths. Hell is not
generally viewed as a democracy, but the demons are clearly
described as voting on their plans. Rather than ordering them to do
his bidding, Satan must convince hell’s politicians that his plan is
a wise one. Satan and Beelzebub are also referred to as separate
entities, something not taken from the Bible. Adam and Eve split up
to work, of which there is no mention in the Bible. These blatant
additions seem out of place, confusing the reader with what might
have happened. Thankfully, these additions do not contradict or
obfuscate the critical message of Genesis 3.
In Andrew Marvell’s On
Paradise Lost, he claims that no one will dare “pretend a
share” in Milton’s work, but ironically, he is sharing in the
success by writing his thoughts about
Paradise Lost. Marvell pours out praise for the work,
declaring it to be majestic, divine, like the bird of Paradise.
Indeed, this is a masterpiece
of literature, bringing a fresh perspective to an old story, and
hopefully attracting readers who would not give the original story a
second glance. However,
in concluding that Paradise Lost
is perfect, Marvell errs. Although John Milton did ask for
the Holy Spirit’s help, he was human, and could not write a perfect
piece of literature. I would contend that Milton included some
sections which are not necessary, and impossible to support
Biblically. Proverbs 30:5-6 says “Every word of God is flawless
… Do not add to His words or he will rebuke you and prove you a
liar.”
I am sure John Milton
did not intend to downplay the Biblical account of the fall, but I
would like to point out that the Bible is sufficient to understand
the story. Other points of view can be interesting, and improve our
understanding, but they are not necessary. When considering
other opinions, check them against the unchanging standard of the
Bible. As you read Paradise Lost, and the Biblical
account in Genesis, focus your mind on the core message. Man fell,
becoming sinful and unworthy, but Jesus Christ came
to make us holy once again.